En el contexto contemporáneo donde vienen refinándose distintas teorías de la argumentación jurídica, Atienza ha acuñado un término que ha comenzado a gozar de fortuna sobre todo en la literatura especializada hispánica: “teoría estándar de la argumentación jurídica”. No obstante el éxito de dicha categoría, no ha dejado de haber cierta controversia sobre la misma, entre otras cosas, sobre dos cuestiones conectadas entre sí. Por un lado, sobre su utilidad, y por otro lado, sobre los modelos argumentativos que cabría adscribir (...) a ella, en particular el del propio Atienza. El propósito en este trabajo es ensayar una respuesta a ambas cuestiones, para sostener que el enfoque del profesor de la Universidad de Alicante puede ser adscrito a la “teoría estándar”, pero sólo si se asume un modo de entenderla “externo” al modelo de racionalidad kantiano, el que evidencia, al mismo tiempo, que dicha categoría puede resultar de utilidad para el perfeccionamiento de las contemporáneas teorías de la argumentación jurídica. (shrink)

The acquisition and evolution of speech production, discourse and communication can be negatively impacted by brain malformations. We describe, for the first time, a case of developmental dynamic dysphasia (DDD) in a right-handed adolescent boy (subject D) with cortical malformations involving language-eloquent regions (inferior frontal gyrus) in both the left and the right hemispheres. Language evaluation revealed a markedly reduced verbal output affecting phonemic and semantic fluency, phrase and sentence generation and verbal communication in everyday life. Auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, (...) reading and spelling were relatively preserved, but executive function was impaired. Multimodal neuroimaging showed a malformed cerebral cortex with atypical configuration and placement of white matter tracts bilaterally and abnormal callosal fibers. Dichotic listening showed right hemisphere dominance for language and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) additionally revealed dissociated hemispheric language representation with right frontal activation for phonology and bilateral dominance for semantic processing. Moreover, subject D also had congenital mirror movements (CMM), defined as involuntary movements of one side of the body that mirror intentional movements of the other side. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI during voluntary unimanual (left and right) hand movements showed bilateral motor cortex recruitment and tractography revealed a lack of decussation of bilateral corticospinal tracts. Genetic testing aimed to detect mutations that disrupt the development of commissural tracts correlating with CMM (e.g., Germline DCC mutations) was negative. Overall, our findings suggest that DDD in subject D resulted from the underdevelopment of the left inferior frontal gyrus with limited capacity for plastic reorganization by its homologous counterpart in the right hemisphere. Corpus callosum anomalies probably contributed to hinder interhemispheric connectivity necessary to compensate language and communication deficits after left frontal involvement. (shrink)

A hemi-implicative lattice is an algebra \((A,\wedge,\vee,\rightarrow,1)\) of type (2, 2, 2, 0) such that \((A,\wedge,\vee,1)\) is a lattice with top and for every \(a,b\in A\), \(a\rightarrow a = 1\) and \(a\wedge (a\rightarrow b) \le b\). A new variety of hemi-implicative lattices, here named sub-Hilbert lattices, containing both the variety generated by the \(\{\wedge,\vee,\rightarrow,1\}\) -reducts of subresiduated lattices and that of Hilbert lattices as proper subvarieties is defined. It is shown that any sub-Hilbert lattice is determined (up to isomorphism) by (...) a triple (_L_, _D_, _S_) which satisfies the following conditions: _L_ is a bounded distributive lattice, _D_ is a sublattice of _L_ containing 0, 1 such that for each \(a, b \in L\) there is an element \(c \in D\) with the property that for all \(d \in D\), \(a \wedge d \le b\) if and only if \(d \le c\) (we write \(a \rightarrow _D b\) for the element _c_), and _S_ is a non void subset of _L_ such that _S_ is closed under \(\rightarrow _D\) and _S_, with its inherited order, is itself a lattice. Finally, the congruences of sub-Hilbert lattices are studied. (shrink)

The relationship between social and financial performance (CSP – FP) has been a main objective in the literature on business management, as it would provide an economic justification for the social investment insofar as it contributes to the creation of value. This relationship has been empirically tested by several authors though without using a theoretical model that sustains this relationship. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical model of the process of the creation of value from the (...) reputation generated by companies, integrating the factors that have been shown to be more relevant in this process from previous research, in such a way that hypotheses are put forward regarding the existence of this relationship and the factors that determine it. Finally, an empirical test is performed using the 100 most prestigious companies operating in Spain during 2004. (shrink)

In this paper we intend to offer a first approach to the incorporation of certain formal tools in the elucidation of some issues discussed in epistemological contexts. The aim is not to offer an exhaustive resolution of these problems but merely to point out the usefulness of modal semantics when applied to different fields. Here we will show how a series of skeptical arguments eventually involve a modal structure, which we will try to generalise into a useful scheme.

Jerónimo Salvador de Araujo, in this brief treatise, argues why it should be considered that there is a philosophy of arms, as well as why said philosophy must conform a science. For this purpose, he will rely on the Sacred Scriptures as an initial legitimation and, throughout the argumentation, on Aristotle and his definitions of universal science, particular science, technique, etc. The whole treatise is structured following syllogistic forms of Aristotelian origin.

It can be stated that self-regulated learning (SRL) brings broad benefits to the process of students' learning and studying. However, research has yet to be undertaken in relation to one of its components, namely self-regulation of motivation and affectivity. The main objectives of this study are to examine the use of self-motivation strategies that involve classmates and to obtain models on the influence of academic goals and self-efficacy on such self-motivation strategies. To this end, was conducted a study using two (...) different samples of students in the compulsory secondary education or baccalaureate stages in Spain (N = 613 and N = 910). The results obtained indicate that, with regard to gender, differences only exist in the use of the strategy of deception (t = 5.450, p <.001, d =.364). That the two pairs of strategies positively and significantly correlated with one another (r =.239, p <.01 and r =.355, p <.01). That only the strategy of annulation of others correlates with a more adaptive type of motivation. Thus, the group of students that reported the greatest level in its use also did so in relation to task and ego self-enhancing goals, to self-efficacy, and being negatively associated with the goal of work avoidance. Finally, were offered models on relationships between academic goals, self-efficacy and enhancement and annulation strategies (χ² (8) = 5.204, p =.736) and deception and annulation strategies (χ² (4) = 3.228, p =.520). (shrink)

Drawing on the Agency-Stewardship approach, which suggests that manager profile may range from the agent model to the steward model, this article aims to examine how important CEOs are to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, this exploratory study proposes the existence of a relationship between manager profile and CSR practices and that this relation is mediated by the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility. After applying a mediated regression analysis using survey information collected from 149 CEOs in Spain, results (...) show that those closer to the steward model are more inclined to attach great importance to ethics and social responsibility, and to implement CSR practices in their companies. Results also provide support for the suggested mediating effect. Thus, this article extends research in understanding top managers as drivers for CSR and suggests new ways to deal with this issue empirically. (shrink)

The notion that patients’ medical decision-making capacity depends on risk considerations has some acceptance in the bioethical literature. However, it arouses some criticism since it seems to give rise to paternalistic attitudes. In addition, the idea of capacity assessment as a collaborative space in which aid is given to the patient is emphasized so that they can decide about their life. It does not seem ethically acceptable to pose the evaluation as a simple observer report. Capacity assessment can sometimes be (...) impossible or inconsequential. In short, capacity assessment is a procedure that, used wisely, can allow the patient to take charge of their life. Misused, it can be the gateway to unjustified paternalistic actions. (shrink)

The island of Ibiza is a western Mediterranean destination known internationally for its nightlife. The aim of this paper is to make a proposal to classify the different types of premises in the Ibiza nightlife offer. This involves making a first definition that allows to delimit which businesses are parts of the sector. The methodology used is based on the case study and specifically, on the review of the promotional actions and activities carried out, completed with the visit to the (...) premises. The classification has been made based on the offer marketed and not only on the legal forms used, as innovation goes ahead of the existing legal classifications. Although it is a particular application, due to the international importance of Ibiza, it is a good starting point to classify the nightlife offer of many other tourist destinations. The resulting typology divides the sector into two large groups: nightclubs and other premises. While nightclubs have musical parties as their main activity declared, the other premises have accommodation or catering as their main activity, with music being an element of differentiation. Nightclubs are divided into several subgroups, depending on their size and relevance. The other premises are subdivided into Beach Clubs, Hotel Clubs, Party Boats, Lounge Clubs, Disco Pubs, among others. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to analyse the concept of semi-sentence from a linguistic, formal and computational point of view. A semi-sentence can be characterised as a sentence which, from a grammatical perspective, is neither absolutely correct nor incorrect . This study focuses on: - a characterisation of the semi-sentences in the setting of the grammar of a language. This study will help to analyse in depth the concept of grammaticality [3]; - the correlate of semi-sentences in formal languages, (...) i.e., semi-strings, which arise from applying productions that deviate from that which is strictly permitted by the rules of grammar [6]; - a Prolog program for handling semi-grammaticality in a computational manner [2]. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una aproximación lógico-filosófica al problema de las medidas sin interacción (ifm, por sus siglas en inglés) presentes en ciertos experimentos físicos mecánico-cuánticos. Se explicitarán tanto las posibles vías para abordar el estudio de las IFM desde una perspectiva formal, como algunos de los principales retos a la hora de llevar a cabo dicha aproximación.

La lectura del profesor Fernando Vallespín sobre el _Leviatán _de Thomas Hobbes resulta tan heterodoxa como oportuna para entender las “guerras ideológicas” del presente, en tanto incide en la faceta retórica de su lenguaje y su sustrato pasional, así como revela el trasfondo de un dilema, inherente al liberalismo, que hoy vuelve a reproducirse: el de la conciliación entre el pluralismo axiológico y la adhesión a un conjunto de principios universales. En la condición de axioma del instinto de supervivencia en (...) Hobbes, es decir, en la prevalencia del miedo como presupuesto de partida, que en sí no obedece a decisión racional alguna, probablemente radique un motivo crucial para que Hobbes no descartase acudir al lenguaje emocional. La complejidad reside en la intromisión de Hobbes en la “guerra de las plumas”, abierta a un pluralismo que se repliega en defensa del absolutismo y la cientificidad. (shrink)

The phenomenon of prophecy is a significant topic with a relevant uniqueness in medieval Jewish thought. In Jewish tradition, prophecy was a form of intermediation between the divine and human. Our intention in this paper is to explore and understand this problem like a theological idea and like an intellectual phenomenon of consciousness with obvious epistemological implications. We shall do taking into account the philosophical influences of this conception, fundamentally Islamic thinkers, and focusing our search in the most significant perspectives (...) about the topic, namely Yehudah Ha-Levi, Abraham ibn Daud and Moses Maimonides. (shrink)

This paper based on the distinction between the instrumental and normative views of stakeholder management explores how business education and personal moral philosophies may influence the orientation adopted by an individual. A mediated regression analysis using survey information collected from 206 Spanish university students showed that those exposed to management theories were less willing to consider stakeholders when making business decisions if the consequent economic impacts on the firm were omitted. The results also provided support for a negative effect of (...) business education on idealism and a mediating effect of the latter on the relationship between education and stakeholder management orientation. This study thus raises awareness on the influence of business education on individuals’ ethical decision-making processes and suggests some possible changes for business education. (shrink)

Agreement technologies refer to a novel paradigm for the construction of distributed intelligent systems, where autonomous software agents negotiate to reach agreements on behalf of their human users. Smart Cities are a key application domain for agreement technologies. While several proofs of concept and prototypes exist, such systems are still far from ready for being deployed in the real-world. In this paper we focus on a novel method for managing elements of smart road infrastructures of the future, namely the case (...) of auction-based road intersections. We show that, even though the key technological elements for such methods are already available, there are multiple non-technical issues that need to be tackled before they can be applied in practice. For this purpose, we analyse legal and ethical implications of auction-based road intersections in the context of international regulations and from the standpoint of the Spanish legislation. From this exercise, we extract a set of required modifications, of both technical and legal nature, which need to be addressed so as to pave the way for the potential real-world deployment of such systems in a future that may not be too far away. (shrink)

Un pasaje singular y específico de la introducción general de Maimónides a la Guía de perplejos, en la versión cuatrocentista de Pedro de Toledo, sirve como punto de partida en este artículo para la indagación en una problemática esencial vinculada al Moré nebujim desde sus orígenes: la dualidad esotérico/exotérico como raíz primordial y distintiva de las enseñanzas que contiene. Explorar los límites y el contenido de esta distinción en el pensamiento maimonidiano nos confronta con un haz fascinante de problemáticas de (...) enorme importancia filosófica, de naturaleza gnoseológica, teológico-política y moral. A ellas nos acercaremos de modo crítico, en la búsqueda de una dilucidación del sentido que el secreto y la ocultación tiene para Maimónides, así como para sus intérpretes. (shrink)

This article makes a critical reading of two Types of Faith from an approximation to its sources and its context. Analysing two types of faith suggested by Buber, we identify the characterization of the same from the perspective of the history of religions. This raises the development, from a philosophicaltheological perspective, of a reflection on the Buber’s criteria of demarcation in the distinction between emunah and pistis, while on the image that of Jesus and Paul reflects his work.

El acontecimiento radical simbolizado por Auschwitz sigue demandando una articulación discursiva, un pensamiento “después de”, setenta y cinco años después de la liberación de los campos. ¿Tiene Auschwitz esa relevancia y significación universal? ¿Son las implicaciones de este acontecimiento tan vinculantes que le hacen trascender los límites de su propia y radical particularidad? Determinar el significado de un acontecimiento como el que simboliza el lager de Auschwitz ha sido y sigue siendo un reto para el pensamiento,con profundas implicaciones estéticas, metafísicas (...) y ético-políticas. (shrink)

La obra de Jean Améry es uno de los intentos más notables de reflexión filosófica crítica y sistemática realizada por un superviviente del Holocausto. Jean Améry ejemplifica a través de su propia persona y de su escritura un _ethos_ inflexible de humanismo radical, frente a un mundo transformado por el totalitarismo en ámbito de extrañamiento. En este artículo queremos acercarnos a su pensamiento desde la perspectiva de la original teorización del resentimiento que en él se desarrolla. Una reflexión sobre la (...) condición humana y sobre la exigencia de justicia y reparación entendida como ontología negativa de la condición humana y como una moralidad que teoriza el futuro como una suerte de imposibilidad. (shrink)

En la Visión Deleytable encontramos la reivindicación de un racionalismo de inspiración maimonidiana y el despliegue de una amplia amalgama de saberes. Sin embargo, una pulsión de autolimitación racional recorre también la obra, una predisposición notable hacia lo esotérico y lo críptico, lo numinoso y lo arcano. Contrapunto de la vocación racionalizadora de la Visión, es esta una pulsión que se alimenta de la propia idiosincrasia de Alfonso de la Torre, de factores epocales, pero, sobre todo, de una tradición cultural (...) de la que es receptor, a la que se pliega gustoso y que cruza transversalmente la obra. Nos proponemos, en el presente artículo, una lectura de algunos de los ejemplos que mejor representan este polo de racionalidad invertida presente en esta obra excepcional. (shrink)

Al abordar el estudio de la obra de Primo Levi, encontramos, ligada al núcleo de referencias que tienen como fuente su experiencia como superviviente del Holocausto, una temática singular, concebida por el autor como ejemplo de respuesta de la razón humana frente a la barbarie. El trabajo creativo, el mundo de los oficios, recorre como profunda reivindicación moral toda la obra de Levi, siendo la línea de fuerza positiva más importante que puede hallarse en la misma. En el presente artículo (...) vamos a abordar críticamente este fecundo ámbito de referencialidad, analizando su concepción, sus vinculaciones y sus límites. (shrink)

Pedro de Toledo’s translation, Enseñador e Mostrador delos Turbados, is the earliest and most extensive philosophical text to appear in Spanish. The first translation into a vernacular language of RaMBaM’s Guide for the Perplexed is presented in Ms. 10289 of the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid. The text seems an intellectual battle-field. It presents some interesting and peculiar characteristics at once: a text covered with glosses of the translator himself, and comments, variant translations, philosophical and theological disagreements, the use of rabbinic and (...) scriptural sources, by an anonymous critical commentator. These discrepancies show how the sensitive nature of the Maimonides ideas demands a particular hermeneutics, and offers an interesting view about the Spanish Jewish controversy in the fifteenth century. (shrink)

La narrativa de Danilo Kiš aborda la representación de la riqueza de la singularidad humana desde la recreación de mundos pretéritos arrasados por la barbarie y la injusticia. Con esta intencionalidad, sus libros se erigen como memento de unos ejemplares humanos que se presentan como símbolos de todas las vidas truncadas por la violencia de la historia. En el presente artículo queremos abordar específicamente cómo Kiš desarrolla, fundamentalmente en La Enciclopedia de los muertos, una singular concepción metafísica de la persona (...) humana, una idea de su ser individual, en la que la futilidad y el vacío de la muerte son transformados en compromiso ético y estético de recuperación de lo humano, vinculando la memoria de las víctimas anónimas al curso de la historia. (shrink)

En reseña de: Galindo, Alfonso y Ujaldón, Enrique (coords.), ¿Quién dijo populismo?, Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid, 2018.

El Sefer ha-Qabbalah, el Libro de la Tradición de Abraham ibn Daud es una crónica sefardí de los hitos fundamentales de la historia del pueblo judío. El estudio de Ibn Daud es una historiografía donde lo cronológico queda acotado dentro de un ámbito referencial de amplia magnitud y trascendencia: su significación soteriológica. El historiador, Ibn Daud, acoge en su crónica un conjunto de mitologemas que convierten a la historia en una mitología actualizada y al futuro en esperanza. Nuestro propósito en (...) este artículo es reflejar el énfasis de Ibn Daud por mostrar a Sefarad como un mito y como estadio anterior a un futuro cuyo cumplimiento ese propio mito convierte en cercano. (shrink)

Our paper carries out a reading of the Abraham ibn Daud's Book of Tradition, with the purpose of showing the suggestive theological-political intuitions that this singular medieval chronicle contains. Putting the emphasis in diachronic hermeneutics, more that in an archaeology of the ideas, we want to investigate if the historical vicissitudes of the Iberic Jewish communities, their community controversies, as well as their permanent religious and identity self-reflection, can provide relevant elements to an understanding of the present.

"Visión Deleytable": Sueño alegórico y búsqueda de la verdad en un trasfondo judío.